Yes I can. Shall we discuss the theory of relativity vs the mass exodus of heat from the earths atmosphere?
- Yeti1181

I actually find those subjects very entertaining.


The key to understanding Earth's evolution is to look at how heat is conducted in the deep lower mantle -- a region some 400 to 1,800 miles (660 to 2,900 kilometers) below the surface. Researchers at the Carnegie Institution, with colleagues at the University of Illinois, have for the first time been able to experimentally simulate the pressure conditions in this region to measure thermal conductivity using a new measurement technique developed by the collaborators and implemented by the Carnegie team on the mantle material magnesium oxide (MgO). They found that heat transfer is lower than other predictions, with total heat flow across Earth of about 10.4 terawatts, which is about 60 % of the power used today by civilization. They also found that conductivity has less dependence on pressure conditions than predicted.
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12
The research is published in the August 9, online Scientific Reports.
Lead author of the study Douglas Dalton explains: "The lower mantle sits on top of the core where pressures range from 230,000 to 1.3 million times the pressure at sea level. Temperatures are like an inferno -- from about 2,800°F to 6,700 °F. The major constituents are oxides of magnesium, silicon and calcium. Heat transfer occurs at a higher rate across materials of high thermal conductivity than across materials of low thermal conductivity, thus these low thermal conductivity oxides are insulating."
The atoms of the major mantle materials are solid solutions and are in a disordered arrangement, which affects the way they conduct heat. Until now, the effect of this disorder on the way heat was conducted could only be estimated with experiments at low pressures. The pressure dependence on thermal conductivity has not been addressed in disordered materials before.
"We squeezed the samples between two diamond tips in an anvil cell and measured the thermal conductivity of the samples, debuting a technique called time-domain thermoreflectance," remarked co-author Alexander Goncharov. "We went up to 600,000 times atmospheric pressure at room temperature. This technique allows us to measure the thermal properties of the material from the change in the reflectance of the material's surface, thus avoiding the need of contacting the material of interest as required by conventional techniques. We then compared the results to theoretical models."
The scientists also showed that there is less dependence of thermal conductivity on pressure than had been predicted. Calculations showed that at the core-mantle boundary there is an estimated total heat flow of 10.4 terawatts across Earth.
"The results provide important bounds on the degree to which heat is transferred by convection as opposed to conduction in the lower mantle," said Russell J. Hemley, director of Carnegie's Geophysical Laboratory. "The next step will be to examine effects of different mineral components on the thermal conductivity and to better understand the atomic scale basis of convective motion of these materials within the broader context of mantle dynamics."
"The results suggest that this technique could really advance other high pressure and temperature studies of the deep Earth and provide a better understanding of how Earth is evolving and how materials act under the intense conditions," concluded Goncharov.

Well I disagree.
- number_23

You're clueless. Did you account for that fact?

insteemnia puts me to sleep
- BingoLady

love how he gets "be nice" and i get 8 hours
- DJL

rayvenesque

Quantum physics ftw!
- Dgrdnr

I'm more into calculus and large algebraic equations.

Can't remember last time I was at a target.
- Yeti1181

its AMAZING

rayvenesque
- -davies-

he inspires my everyday life, tbh

Well I disagree.
- number_23

More of a le chateau guy?

its AMAZING
- DJL

I wouldn't go that far. But hey, if you like it that much, good for you.

rayvenesque
- -davies-

I love how he keeps on crymoar and moaaarrr and moaarrrr

France wins

he inspires my everyday life, tbh
- DJL

You really are an enormous pain in the ass.

Even we have one in this poop hole.

Where you live?
- pete26

Fort Mac

You're clueless. Did you account for that fact?
- hscesq

How can I account for the fact that I'm clueless...if I'm clueless, than I wouldn't have the slightest clue about it...hence, no...I did not account for it.

oh, and (frank) you.

he inspires my everyday life, tbh
- DJL

And that's why you're so (frank)ing paSteetic.

I like Costco's jeans and boxers.

Fort Mac
- Yeti1181

Ho...

Then I'm sorry about my previous comments.

I actually find those subjects very entertaining.


The key to understanding Earth's evolution is to look at how heat is conducted in the deep lower mantle -- a region some 400 to 1,800 miles (660 to 2,900 kilometers) below the surface. Researchers at the Carnegie Institution, with colleagues at the University of Illinois, have for the first time been able to experimentally simulate the pressure conditions in this region to measure thermal conductivity using a new measurement technique developed by the collaborators and implemented by the Carnegie team on the mantle material magnesium oxide (MgO). They found that heat transfer is lower than other predictions, with total heat flow across Earth of about 10.4 terawatts, which is about 60 % of the power used today by civilization. They also found that conductivity has less dependence on pressure conditions than predicted.
Share This:



12
The research is published in the August 9, online Scientific Reports.
Lead author of the study Douglas Dalton explains: "The lower mantle sits on top of the core where pressures range from 230,000 to 1.3 million times the pressure at sea level. Temperatures are like an inferno -- from about 2,800°F to 6,700 °F. The major constituents are oxides of magnesium, silicon and calcium. Heat transfer occurs at a higher rate across materials of high thermal conductivity than across materials of low thermal conductivity, thus these low thermal conductivity oxides are insulating."
The atoms of the major mantle materials are solid solutions and are in a disordered arrangement, which affects the way they conduct heat. Until now, the effect of this disorder on the way heat was conducted could only be estimated with experiments at low pressures. The pressure dependence on thermal conductivity has not been addressed in disordered materials before.
"We squeezed the samples between two diamond tips in an anvil cell and measured the thermal conductivity of the samples, debuting a technique called time-domain thermoreflectance," remarked co-author Alexander Goncharov. "We went up to 600,000 times atmospheric pressure at room temperature. This technique allows us to measure the thermal properties of the material from the change in the reflectance of the material's surface, thus avoiding the need of contacting the material of interest as required by conventional techniques. We then compared the results to theoretical models."
The scientists also showed that there is less dependence of thermal conductivity on pressure than had been predicted. Calculations showed that at the core-mantle boundary there is an estimated total heat flow of 10.4 terawatts across Earth.
"The results provide important bounds on the degree to which heat is transferred by convection as opposed to conduction in the lower mantle," said Russell J. Hemley, director of Carnegie's Geophysical Laboratory. "The next step will be to examine effects of different mineral components on the thermal conductivity and to better understand the atomic scale basis of convective motion of these materials within the broader context of mantle dynamics."
"The results suggest that this technique could really advance other high pressure and temperature studies of the deep Earth and provide a better understanding of how Earth is evolving and how materials act under the intense conditions," concluded Goncharov.
- WaterBoy

Nice copy and paste job.

Bob McKenzie ‏@TSNBobMcKenzie 3m

For 2nd time in last couple of weeks, MTL player parts ways with his agent. This time it's Max Pacioretty. Last time it was Andrei Markov.

You really are an enormous pain in the ass.
- hscesq

Wow...that would be too easy.

You really are an enormous pain in the ass.
- hscesq

MAke sure to double click !

I like Costco's jeans and boxers.
- _nay_

Have to admit - I do wear Costco boxers.

Nice copy and paste job.
- Yeti1181

France wins
- BingoLady

Ukraine could not possibly have poop the bed any more than they did today.
the Ukraine is weak.

I like Costco's Pepsi and Mae West.
- _nay_